ISRAEL (ben Samuel?) HA-DAYYAN HA-MA'ARAVI
- ISRAEL (ben Samuel?) HA-DAYYAN HA-MA'ARAVI
- ISRAEL (ben Samuel?) HA-DAYYAN HA-MA'ARAVI (d. before 1354),
Karaite scholar living in cairo . Israel, with his pupil
japheth b. david ibn Ṣaghīr, is reported to have overcome the last
vestiges of opposition to the reform of the Karaite law of incest, begun
by jeshua b. judah and others in the 11th century,
which abolished the catenary theory of forbidden marriages that
threatened the physical survival of the Karaites as a group. He was
unsuccessful, however, in his attempt to reform the burdensome Karaite
law of uncleanness. Israel was a prolific writer in both Arabic and
Hebrew. His works include Shurūṭ al-Dhabāḥah on slaughtering,
abridged in Hebrew as Hilkhot Sheḥitah (Vienna, 1830);
Seder Inyan Ibbur on the calendar (published in J.C. Wolf 's
Bibliotheca Hebraea, 4, 1733); both tracts are said to be
parts of a comprehensive code of Karaite law titled Sefer
ha-Mitzvot; and Tartīb al-ʿAqāʾid al-Sittah
(ed. by E. Mainz, in: PAAJR, 22 (1953), 55–63) on the
principles of faith, translated into Hebrew as Sheshet
ha-Emunot. He also wrote liturgical poetry.
-BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Mann, Texts, 2 (1935), index, S.V. Israel of
Maghreb; L. Nemoy (ed.), Karaite Anthology (1952), 235,
378.
(Leon Nemoy)
Encyclopedia Judaica.
1971.
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